![]() Trump leads polls for the Republican presidential nomination in 2024 makes his indictment all the more consequential. The implications for the future of American governance could be profound.Still, Americans can take heart in the lessons of other democracies, as the Monitor explained in a magazine cover story last January. president to face federal criminal charges. The fact that Mr. A sense of exceptionalism has long infused pride in the American system and successes as the world’s oldest democracy.That self-image is taking a hit with the federal indictment of Donald Trump over alleged mishandling of classified documents, making him the first former U.S. The surviving pups have been transferred to the Moody Gardens aquarium in Galveston, Texas, while the do-it-yourself mother was sent to the recently opened Wonders of Wildlife aquarium in Springfield, Missouri.Throughout history, American leaders have borrowed from the Bible in calling their nation a “city upon a hill” – a beacon of hope for humanity. One of the pups died young, but the other four are alive and well. “These are not the Michael Phelps of sharks,” Gruber says, adding that they hang around on the bottom a lot and almost look imbalanced when they swim.ĭespite these baby sharks’ unusual start, they’ve gone on to live healthy lives-for the most part. Swellsharks likely need this defensive capability to make up for the fact that they aren’t good swimmers. “When they’re threatened, they turn around and they bite their tail and they blow up like an inner tube inside a crevice, making it very hard for a predator to gain access to them,” says Gruber. These thick-hided sharks also have a surprising strategy to defend themselves against unwanted outsiders, such as humans or the larger sharks that likely prey on them. In full light the swellshark blends into its environment, hiding in a crevice in Scripps Canyon, California. Swellsharks spend much of their time hiding in crevices, and the biofluorescence, caused by a special protein in the sharks’ skin, may help them find each other, says Gruber, who often finds five or six huddled together when he’s diving under the water for research. They can glow bright green, which helps them stand out in the deep ocean where they sometimes live. ![]() Last year, researchers discovered that sawfish, a type of ray, can also reproduce asexually.Īsexual reproduction is just the latest intriguing ability discovered in this fascinating species.Įarlier this year, City University of New York biologist David Gruber and his colleagues discovered that swellsharks are biofluorescent. Only a few other species of sharks have been documented giving asexual birth, says Schmidt, including white-spotted bamboo, bonnethead, blacktip, and zebra sharks. So female sharks have evolved different ways to continue to reproduce if they don’t meet a male in a certain period of time. “Both of these are probably adaptations to the fact that the ocean is a big place, and if you’re a girl shark you’re not always necessarily going to find a boy shark,” says Jennifer Schmidt, a molecular biologist at the Shark Research Institute in Princeton, New Jersey. They had to rule out whether the eggs had been fertilized by old sperm stored in specialized tubes in the oviducal gland, a method some shark species use to house sperm long-term. By testing 12 genetic markers in the mother and the pups, Henningsen and his colleagues confirmed that the pups, born in the fall of 2014, were produced asexually.
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